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Overhaul: How Australia can adapt to a changing world economy

by LowyinstitutePublished October 16, 2026Last updated October 23, 2026
Overhaul: How Australia can adapt to a changing world economy
  • Australia faces significant challenges from the US-China conflict and a deteriorating global order, necessitating a strategic reevaluation of its international role.
  • The rise of disruptive technologies and growing inequality further complicate Australia’s economic landscape, demanding innovative policy responses.
  • Adapting to these changes will require Australia to enhance its resilience and agility in both domestic and foreign policy frameworks.

The urgency for Australia to reassess its position in the global economy has never been more pronounced. As the US-China rivalry intensifies, Australia finds itself at a crossroads, grappling with the implications of a shifting geopolitical landscape. The deterioration of established global rules and norms exacerbates this situation, compelling Australia to rethink its strategies and alliances. The need for a comprehensive overhaul is not just a matter of policy preference; it is a necessity for survival and prosperity in an increasingly unpredictable world.

The current geopolitical climate is marked by a complex interplay of factors, including the rise of disruptive technologies that are reshaping industries and labor markets. These technologies present both opportunities and challenges, as they can drive economic growth while simultaneously displacing jobs and exacerbating inequality. Australia must navigate this dual-edged sword by fostering innovation while ensuring that the benefits of technological advancement are equitably distributed across society. This balancing act will require targeted investments in education and training to equip the workforce with the skills needed for the future.

Moreover, the growing inequality within Australia poses a significant threat to social cohesion and economic stability. As wealth becomes increasingly concentrated, the potential for social unrest rises, which could undermine the very foundations of democratic governance. Addressing this issue will necessitate a multifaceted approach that includes reforming tax policies, enhancing social safety nets, and promoting inclusive economic growth. By prioritizing equity, Australia can strengthen its social fabric and create a more resilient economy capable of withstanding external shocks.

In light of these challenges, Australia must enhance its resilience and agility in both domestic and foreign policy frameworks. This means not only adapting to the immediate pressures of the US-China conflict but also anticipating future shifts in the global economy. Strengthening regional partnerships, diversifying trade relationships, and investing in sustainable technologies will be crucial steps in this process. By proactively engaging with emerging markets and fostering innovation, Australia can position itself as a leader in the new global economy, rather than a passive participant.

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